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OTTAWA, Oct. 3 (Xinhua) -- Many friends and colleagues of Canadian scientist Ralph Steinman reacted with shock when they learned on Monday that Steinman won the Nobel Prize for Medicine and Physiology three days after he died.Since 1974, Nobel Prizes are no longer awarded posthumously, but the Nobel Prize committee said that it had made its choice before Steinman's death.Many of Steinman's friends and colleagues said that they learned of Steinman's death at the same time that they learned of his Nobel Prize, which was awarded for a discovery Steinman made in 1973.Steinman, 68, discovered dendritic cells, which help regulate adaptive immunity, which purges invading microorganisms from the body. Dendritic cells activate T cells, which "remember" the DNA sequence of invading organisms and protect the body from later infections from the same disease."Their work has opened up new avenues for the development of prevention and therapy against infections, cancer and inflammatory disease," the citation said.Monday, the Nobel Committee defended its decision to award the prize to Steinman. "The decision to award the Nobel Prize to Ralph Steinman was made in good faith, based on the assumption that the Nobel Laureate was alive," the foundation said in a statement."The Nobel Foundation thus believes that what has occurred is more reminiscent of the example in the statutes concerning a person who has been named as a Nobel Laureate and has died before the actual Nobel Prize Award Ceremony."It is still unclear who will pick up Steinman's prize at the award ceremony later this year.Steinman, a cell biologist at Rockefeller University in New York City, died of pancreatic cancer on Friday. For more than four years, he had used his own immune therapy discoveries to extend his life."The news is bittersweet, as we also learned this morning from Ralph's family that he passed a few days ago," Rockefeller University President Marc Tessier-Lavigne said in a statement."We are all so touched that our father's many years of hard work are being recognized with a Nobel Prize," Steinman's daughter, Alexis, said in the statement. "He devoted his life to his work and his family, and he would be truly honored."Steinman's heirs will share the 1.5-million U.S. dollar prize with American genetics professor Bruce Beutler and French scientist Jules Hoffmann.Dr. Beutler is professor of genetics and immunology at The Scripps Research Institute in La Jolla, California. Dr. Hoffmann headed a research laboratory in Strasbourg, France, between 1974 and 2009 and served as president of the French National Academy of Sciences between 2007 and 2008."Ralph worked right up until last week," said Michel Nussenzweig, a collaborator of Steinman's at Rockefeller University. "His dream was to use his discovery to cure cancer and infectious diseases like HIV and tuberculosis. It's a dream that's pretty close."Steinman was born in 1943 in Montreal, Canada's second largest city, and studied chemistry and biology at McGill University in his hometown before receiving an MD from Harvard Medical School in Boston in 1968. He joined Rockefeller University in 1970 as a postdoctoral fellow."He was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer four years ago, and his life was extended using a dendritic-cell based immunotherapy of his own design," the university said in a statement.In a statement, Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper lauded the three winners of the Nobel for medicine and called the award " a fitting final tribute" to Steinman's life's work."Dr. Steinman shall be honored for all time with this achievement," Harper said. "Canadians will mourn his loss."

COPENHAGEN, Nov. 3 (Xinhua) -- The launch of Shenzhou-8 and the successful docking with Tiangong-1 in outer space represented a milestone in both Chinese and international space programs, Danish space scientist and media said Thursday.Michael Linden-Voernle, an astrophysicist at the Tycho Brahe Planetarium in Copenhagen, said new possibilities have opened for both Chinese and international space programs with high expectations."The recent launch of the Tiangong-1 module and now the successful docking with the Shenzhou-8 spacecraft is a very important step - a milestone for the Chinese space program in order to realize the goal of having a permanent presence in space. That means a large space station so this is really an important step, a major milestone," Linden-Voernle told Xinhua in an interview here on Thursday.Besides, a number of Danish news media reported the event, hailing it as a "historic and successful docking." The influential daily Politiken placed a two-minute's video for the successful coupling on its website and showed scenes from the Shenzhou-8 docking with Tiangong-1 together with a short commentary."Tonight two Chinese spacecraft made the historic and successful docking above the atmosphere for the first time ever. China had been the third country in the world after the United States and Russia to master the technique of docking in space. China has laid the foundation for its dominance in space," Politiken said.Jyllands-Posten, one of the bestselling newspapers in Denmark, carried a report with a brief description of China's first space docking under the headline "China closer to its own space station.""As the third country in the world, China has docked two spacecraft together perfectly in space," said Jyllands-Posten.China's unmanned spacecraft Shenzhou-8 and its space lab module Tiangong-1 rendezvoused early Thursday, successfully completing the country's first-ever space docking.

KATHMANDU, Oct. 30 (Xinhua) -- "One of the major problems of death due to breast cancer in Nepal is poverty and untimely diagnosis," said Dr. Abish Adhikari Oncologist at the Bir Hospital in Nepali capital Kathmandu in an exclusive interview with Xinhua on Sunday.Adhikari said that the other reason why breast cancer leads to death of women is "women are not decision makers in their houses"."Many people who come here do not want to treat their wives or daughters because of the expenses as they are poor and it is really expensive here to treat cancer," Adhikari said.According to the Nepal Cancer Relief Society, of all cancer cases among the Nepali women and teenage girls as well, 60 percent is of breast cancer.Unverified rough data of the breast cancer patients in Nepal are above 50,000.Adhikari added that women are shy to talk about the problems of breast. They do not go to hospitals for the check up until they are bedridden and at the time they reach hospital they are mostly in the advanced stage.The major causes behind the breast cancer in Nepal are heredity, late pregnancy, consumption of alcohol and smoking. However, unawareness about it remains another major problem that leadind to death of many women in Nepal.Moreover, the rural women in Nepal are unaware about breast cancer, and if they are having some problem, they tend to hide it.Talking to Xinhua, Sajani Manandhar, General Secretary of Richa Bajimaya Memorial Foundation, a cancer awareness raising group said that the major cause of the preventable cancer in Nepal is unawareness.Also a nurse by profession, she said that no one bothers about mammography or regular checkup but are diagnosed at the very late stage.There are less than five hospitals that provide mammography service in the country.Roshani Chitrakar, 48 who is in advanced stage of cancer said that she did not told anyone while she found something unusual in her breast because it was not painful."I took it normally, but when I thought it might be a cancer and told my family and I was already in the advanced stage," she said.Her daughter, Roji Manandhar, said that the doctor has already told that she will not be living long. She is having difficulty even to eat currently.Another cancer patient, 67 years old farmer, Nakkali Nahakhusi said that she told her husband when she found her breast unusual. Her husband, former armyman, immediately took her to the hospital when she told about the problem.Now, she is already cured, and said with smilingly that the god of death did not want to take me away.She said that awareness should be raised because cancer is curable at the early stage.

TAIPEI, Dec. 10 (Xinhua) -- A televised debate among three candidates for Taiwan's next deputy leader was staged Saturday, highlighting cross-Strait political and economic issues, for next month's Taiwan leader election.The three candidates touched upon topics such as stances on the reunification of Taiwan and the Chinese mainland and the "Taiwan independence," last year's signing of the cross-Strait Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement (ECFA), among other cross-Strait issues, during the second face-to-face debate before the Jan. 14, 2012 election.Wu Den-yih, who is incumbent Taiwanese leader Ma Ying-jeou's running mate and currently chief of Taiwan's executive authority, said the signing of the ECFA aims to "help people do business and enhance Taiwan's competitiveness." Ma is seeking a second term.The ECFA did not speed up Taiwan's inclination toward the mainland market, but ensured the island's utmost interests instead, Wu said, adding that if Ma, who is also chairman of Taiwan's ruling Kuomintang (KMT) party, did not win during the upcoming election, cross-Strait peace and stability would not be maintained.However, Wu's main rival Su Jia-chyuan, the running mate of Tsai Ing-wen who campaigned for Taiwan's next leader representing major opposition Democratic Progressive Party (DPP), claimed that Taiwan is a "sovereign state" and its fate would be decided by Taiwanese themselves, no matter it would become independent or unified with the mainland, or maintain the status quo.Taiwan's future would be guaranteed only if the so-called "Taiwan consensus," put forward by Tsai, was realized, Su said during the debate.Another debater, Lin Ruey-shiung, 72, the running mate of People First Party (PFP) candidate James Soong, called for the signing of a cross-Strait peace accord, and said that the Chinese nation was fundamentally one family, with reunification benefiting both and secession hurting both.Lin said, as a member of the Chinese nation, Taiwan must be reunified with the mainland in the future, without wars, and it is the aspiration of all Taiwanese that people of both sides could freely visit each other.The three candidates also debated on anti-corruption, financial deficit and social equity.Saturday's debate among the candidates for deputy leader was the second of a three-part series. A debate of the Taiwan leader hopefuls was staged last Saturday, and they will spar again on Dec. 17.

WASHINGTON, Dec. 28 (Xinhua) -- People with diets high in several vitamins or in omega 3 fatty acids are less likely to have the brain shrinkage associated with Alzheimer's disease than people whose diets are not high in those nutrients, according to a new study published on Wednesday in the online issue of Neurology, the medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology.Those with diets high in omega 3 fatty acids and in vitamins C, D, E and the B vitamins also had higher scores on mental thinking tests than people with diets low in those nutrients. These omega 3 fatty acids and vitamin D are primarily found in fish. The B vitamins and antioxidants C and E are primarily found in fruits and vegetables.In another finding, the study showed that people with diets high in trans fats were more likely to have brain shrinkage and lower scores on the thinking and memory tests than people with diets low in trans fats. Trans fats are primarily found in packaged, fast, fried and frozen food, baked goods and margarine spreads.The study involved 104 people with an average age of 87 and very few risk factors for memory and thinking problems. Blood tests were used to determine the levels of various nutrients present in the blood of each participant. All of the participants also took tests of their memory and thinking skills. A total of 42 of the participants had MRI scans to measure their brain volume. Overall, the participants had good nutritional status, but seven percent were deficient in vitamin B12 and 25 percent were deficient in vitamin D.Study author Gene Bowman, of Oregon Health & Science University in Portland, said that the nutrient biomarkers in the blood accounted for a significant amount of the variation in both brain volume and thinking and memory scores. For the thinking and memory scores, the nutrient biomarkers accounted for 17 percent of the variation in the scores. For brain volume, the nutrient biomarkers accounted for 37 percent of the variation."These results need to be confirmed, but obviously it is very exciting to think that people could potentially stop their brains from shrinking and keep them sharp by adjusting their diet," Bowman said.