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BEIJING, Jan. 22 (Xinhua) -- Xinhua News Agency published an article by Hao Shiyuan, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS), on Thursday, to hail that the Democratic Reform is historic stride for social system in Tibet. Hao, who is also director of the CASS center for the study of Tibetan history and culture, has contributed the article to the Beijing-based Guangming Daily as part of the newspaper's serial articles to mark the establishment of the "Serfs Emancipation Day" by the Tibetan legislature on Monday. Before the launching in 1959 of the Democratic Reform in Tibet, the highland area was under a hierarchical rule by monks and aristocrats, says the article, citing a book by Edmund Candler, an India-based correspondent of the British newspaper "Daily Mail", who entered Tibet with British army in 1905. According to the British reporter's "The Unveiling Lhasa", Tibet was then under a feudalist serfdom, where peasants were slaves of lamas. He even compared the Potala Palace, the residence of Tibetan Buddhist leaders, with the bloodiest medieval castles in Europe in the Middle Ages. The British journalist was so surprised at what he saw in Tibet that he depicted the Tibetan serfdom as unprecedentedly stubborn and dark. The Communist Party of China (CPC), which represents the fundamental interests of the Chinese of different ethnic groups, is the only power which can lead the one million Tibetan serfs to end the hierarchical serfdom in Tibet, says Hao. In 1951, the central government signed a 17-article Agreement with the local government of Tibet, which marks the peaceful liberation of Tibet. In 1954, late Chinese leader Chairman Mao Zedong told the ** Lama, who was then a vice chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPC), the top legislature, that the central government was not eager to implement the Democratic Reform in Tibet, though the reform had been underway in other minority areas. "It needs the consent of the Tibetan people and the will of the Han people must not be forcibly given to the Tibetan people," said Mao, who indicated that the central government was patient enough on the issue of Democratic Reform in Tibet, though "some Han officials might be" eager to carry out the reform. The scholar explains that "some Han officials", who were not as patient as the central government, came to the idea to start the reform at an early time, because they witnessed that the Tibetan people were increasingly eager to end the serfdom, under which, the Tibetan serfs were living in an abyss of suffering. Between 1952-58, the local government of Tibet had a financial income of 392.9 million yuan (about 52 million U.S. dollars), but 357.17 million yuan, or 91 percent, came from the central government. Meanwhile, the central government had invested a lot of money to build highways in Tibet. By 1957, the length of Tibetan highways topped 6,000 kilometers. Under serfdom, however, Tibetan serfs could not enjoy the economic achievements in Tibet, which were made with the financial assistance by the central government, the article says. The Buddhist monks, aristocrats and the local government were frightened by the bulging demand of the Tibetan people for carrying out the reform. In 1955, a preparatory committee of the Tibet Autonomous Region was set up, with the ** Lama as the chairman and the Banqen Lama as a vice chairman. In the same year, some Tibetan aristocrats began plotting for armed rebellions. Beginning in 1957, some Tibetan people were organized to lay siege to government organizations, kill government staff workers, and hold armed rebellions. In 1958, a large number of rebellious armed forces were set up in Tibet. On Mar. 10, 1959, an all-around armed rebellion was launched by the local government of Tibet and the stubborn upper-class forces, and the ** Lama went into exile, in betrayal of the nation and the Tibetan people. The Tibetan hierarchical ruling forces headed by the ** Lama held the 1959 armed rebellion - an attempt to safeguard the feudalist serfdom and their fundamental interests, oppose all kinds of changes in Tibet, and seek for "Tibetan independence", according to the article. On Mar. 28, the central government dissolved the local government of Tibet and replaced it with the preparatory committee, while launching the Democratic Reform, which allowed the Tibetan people to step in the process of a modern social development. Since then, a series of reform policies and measures had been issued to abolish the old system and set up a new system. In 1961, the Democratic Reform was initially completed as the 1million emancipated Tibetan serfs became the master of Tibet and people's governments were set up across the autonomous region. Thanks to the support of the central government, the Tibetan economy had achieved a big progress. As of 1965, the grain output in Tibet reached 290 million kilograms, an 88.6 percent increase over 1958, while the number of the livestock stood at over 18 million, an increase of 54.1 percent comparing with that of 1958. On Sept. 1, 1965, the Tibet Autonomous Region was established, which marks the beginning of a socialist drive in Tibet, a historic stride for social system in Tibet, the article says.
BEIJING, Nov. 11 (Xinhua) -- China's top political advisor Jia Qinglin on Tuesday called for more efforts to consolidate and develop an equal, unified, cooperative and harmonious relationship among all ethnic groups. All ethnic groups were inseparable, he said at a meeting with a 49-strong delegation of minority role models and local leaders in Beijing. Authorities in minority areas should work to rebuild shared growth and prosperity, and implement policies on minority regional development. The delegation from southwest China is scheduled to visit Shanghai, and southern China after leaving Beijing. Jia Qinglin (R), chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC), meets with members of a delegation of China's ethnic minorities in Beijing, China, Nov. 11, 2008

BEIJING, Oct. 22 (Xinhua) - Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao and visiting Danish Prime Minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen on Wednesday agreed to establish comprehensive strategic partnership between the two nations. Wen told Rasmussen during their talks that both sides shared strong desire to lift the level of the bilateral mutually-beneficial cooperation, since the Sino-Danish relations had become more mature after experiencing 58 years' development. Denmark was one of the first western nations to recognize the People's Republic of China, and the two peoples enjoyed profound friendship, Wen noted. China applauded Denmark's adherence to one-China policy, and was ready to work with the country to increase mutual trust, expand cooperation in science, technology, environmental protection, energy, innovation, culture and other areas, he said. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao (3rd L back) and Denish Prime Minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen (2nd L back) attend the signing ceremony between the two countries in Beijing, capital of China, Oct. 22, 2008 The premier hoped that the two nations would improve their capacity of promoting economic growth and resisting risks through the increase of bilateral cooperation. China paid high attention to the 15th Conference of the Parties of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in Copenhagen next year, Wen said, noting that China would, in line with the principles of common but differentiated responsibilities, make efforts to push forward related international cooperation in this area to achieve positive progress. Rasmussen said Denmark attached great importance to building the comprehensive strategic partnership with China, and hoped to enhance the bilateral cooperation in environment, renewable energy resources, education, research and other fields. Denmark was ready to strengthen cooperation with China to jointly safeguard the stability of the international financial market, the prime minister said. The country would also increase cooperation with China in response to climate change, he noted. The two nations signed documents to enhance bilateral cooperation in climate change, renewable energy resources, science, technology and innovation. The two prime ministers attended the signing ceremony of the agreements. Rasmussen was here for a six-day official visit to China and for the seventh Asia-Europe Meeting scheduled for Oct. 24-25.
BEIJING, Jan. 22 (Xinhua) -- China's economy cooled to its slowest pace in seven years in 2008, expanding 9 percent year-on-year as the widening global financial crisis continued to affect the world's fastest-growing economy, official data showed Thursday. Gross domestic product (GDP) reached 30.067 trillion yuan (4.4216 trillion U.S. dollars) in 2008, Ma Jiantang, director of the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), told a press conference. The 9-percent rate was the lowest since 2001, when an annual rate of 8.3 percent was recorded, and it was the first time China's GDP growth fell into the single-digit range since 2003. The year-on-year growth rate for the fourth quarter slid to 6.8 percent from 9 percent in the third quarter and 9.9 percent for the first three quarters, according to Ma. Graphics shows China's gross domestic product (GDP) in the year of 2008, released by the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) on Jan. 22, 2009. China's GDP reached 30.067 trillion yuan (4.4216 trillion U.S. dollars) in 2008, expanding 9 percent year-on-year. Economic growth showed "an obvious correction" last year, but the full-year performance was still better than other countries affected by the global financial crisis, said Zhang Liqun, a researcher with the Development Research Center of the State Council, or cabinet. He attributed the fourth-quarter weakness to reduced industrial output as inventories piled up amid sharply lower foreign demand. Exports, which accounted for about one-third of GDP, fell 2.8 percent year-on-year to 111.16 billion U.S. dollars in December. Exports declined 2.2 percent in November from a year earlier. Industrial output rose 12.9 percent year-on-year in 2008, down 5.6 percentage points from the previous year, said Ma. SEEKING THE BOTTOM Government economist Wang Xiaoguang said the 6.8-percent growth rate in the fourth quarter was not a sign of a "hard landing," just a necessary "adjustment" from previous rapid expansion. "This round of downward adjustment won't bottom out in just a year or several quarters but might last two or three years, which is a normal situation," he said. A report Thursday from London-based Standard Chartered Bank called the 6.8-percent growth in the fourth quarter "respectable" but said the data overall presented "a batch of mixed signals." It said: "We probably saw zero real growth in the fourth quarter compared with the third quarter, and it could have been marginally negative." The weakening economy has already had an impact on several Chinese industrial giants. Angang Steel Co. Ltd. (Ansteel), one of the top three steel producers, said Wednesday net profit fell 55 percent last year as steel prices plunged. It cited weakening demand late in the year. However, officials and analysts said some positive signs surfaced in December, which they said indicated China could recover before other countries. December figures on money supply, consumption, and industrial output showed some "positive changes" but whether they represented a trend was unclear, said Ma. Outstanding local currency loans for December expanded by 771.8 billion yuan, up 723.3 billion from a year earlier, according to official data. Real retail sales growth in December accelerated 0.8 percentage points from November to 17.4 percent. Industrial output also accelerated in December, up 0.3 percentage points from the annual rate of November. Wang Qing, Morgan Stanley Asia chief economist for China, said GDP growth would hit a trough in the first or second quarter. China will perform better than most economies affected by the global crisis and gradually improve this year, he said. Zhang also predicted the economy will touch bottom and start to recover later this year, depending on the performance in January and February. Zhang forecast GDP growth of more than 8 percent for 2009, based on the assumption that domestic demand and accelerating urbanization would help cushion China from world economic conditions. Wang Tongsan, an economist with the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, said whether GDP growth exceeds 8 percent this year depends on how the world economy performs and how well the government stimulus policies are implemented. Ma characterized the "difficulties" China experienced in the fourth quarter as temporary, saying: "We should have the confidence to be the first country out of the crisis." Overall, the economy maintained good momentum with fast growth, stable prices, optimized structures and improved living standards, said Ma. China's performance was better than the average growth of 3.7 percent for the world economy last year, 1.4 percent for developed countries and 6.6 percent for developing and emerging economies, he said, citing estimates of the International Monetary Fund. "With a 9-percent rate, China actually contributed more than 20 percent of global economic growth in 2008," said Ma. He said the industrial structure became "more balanced" last year, with faster growth of investment and industrial output in the less-developed central and western regions than in the eastern areas. Meanwhile, energy efficiency improved: energy intensity, the amount of energy it takes to produce a unit of GDP, fell 4.21 percent year-on-year in 2008, a larger decrease than the 3.66 percent recorded in 2007, said Ma. WORRIES ABOUT CONSUMPTION A slowing economy poses a concern for the authorities, which they have acknowledged several times in recent weeks, as rising unemployment could threaten social stability. It could also undermine consumer spending, which the government is counting on to offset weak external demand. The government has maintained a target of 8 percent annual economic growth since 2005. China announced a 4 trillion-yuan economic stimulus package in November aimed at boosting domestic demand. Retail sales rose 21.6 percent in 2008, 4.8 percentage points more than in 2007, said Ma. Ma said he believed domestic consumption would maintain rapid growth as long as personal incomes continue to increase and social security benefits improve. Urban disposable incomes rose a real 8.4 percent last year, while those of rural Chinese went up 8 percent, he said. Analysts have warned that consumption could be affected if low rates of inflation deteriorate into outright deflation and factory closures result in more jobless migrant workers. The urban unemployment rate rose to 4.2 percent at the end of 2008, up 0.2 percentage point year-on-year. Ma said about 5 percent of 130 million migrant workers had returned to their rural homes since late 2008 because their employers closed down or suspended production. Other officials have said that 6.5 percent or even 10 percent of migrant workers have gone home after losing their jobs.
Palestinian National Authority(PNA) President Mahmoud Abbas (R) meets with Liu Yunshan, member of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee Political Bureau and head of the CPC Central Committee Publicity Department, in the West Bank city of Ramallah, Dec. 3, 2008. RAMALLAH, Dec. 3 (Xinhua) -- A visiting senior official of the Communist Party of China (CPC) said here on Wednesday that China hopes for joint efforts to push forward the Middle East peace process. Liu Yunshan, member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and head of the Publicity Department of the CPC Central Committee, made the remarks during meetings with Palestinian National Authority (PNA) President Mahmoud Abbas and Prime Minister Salam Fayyad in the West Bank city. Liu highlighted China's hope for realizing a comprehensive, just and everlasting peace in the Middle East at an early date, based on related UN resolutions and the "Land for Peace" principle. Liu, who leads a CPC delegation, conveyed cordial greetings from CPC and Chinese leaders to Abbas and Fayyad, saying that relations between the two sides would witness greater development in the future. Abbas expressed appreciation of the positive development of the solid ties between the Palestinians and China, expressing gratitude to China over its support for the Palestinian cause. Palestinian Prime Minister Salam Fayyad (R) meets with Liu Yunshan, member of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee Political Bureau and head of the CPC Central Committee Publicity Department, in the West Bank city of Ramallah, Dec. 3, 2008. Citing China's success in hosting the Olympic Games and launching the Shenzhou VII manned space flight, Abbas said the Palestinian people are proud of the remarkable achievements of the friendly nation. The Palestinian side is willing to strengthen communication and exchange with the Chinese government and the CPC in order to further develop bilateral relations in a comprehensive way, said Abbas. Meanwhile, Fayyad said the Palestinian people cherish the enduring friendship with China and are willing to enhance mutual beneficial cooperation in all aspects, including politics, economy, culture and education. Before the meetings, Liu laid a wreath at the grave of late Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat, which is located in the compound of the Palestinian president's office in Ramallah. During his one-day trip in Ramallah, Liu, along with Abbas, also presided the signing ceremony for an economic and technical cooperation agreement between China and the Palestinians. The Palestinian territories is the last leg of Liu's good-will visit to the region, which has taken him to Iran, Bahrain, Egypt and Israel.
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