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HEALDSBURG, Calif. (AP) — If you're worried that wildfires might have created shortages of Northern California's 2019 cabernet sauvignon, or even just imparted it with an undesirable smoky flavor, you can relax. The wine is just fine. For now.Despite a late October blaze that raged through one of the world's best-known wine-growing regions. forcing evacuations in two mid-sized towns, wine production in Sonoma County escaped largely unscathed.Limerick Lane Wines, for instance, avoided serious damage despite flames that licked at two sides of its property in the Russian River Valley just south of Healdsburg. Limerick's grapes were already harvested, crushed and stored in tanks and barrels. The winery's sealed cellar prevented smoke damage to its inventory, said owner Jake Bilbro, although its tasting room now has an acrid smell."I have to thank the people who planted our vineyards and built our house 100 years ago," Bilbro said. "Our buildings are all surrounded by vineyards, and vineyards are excellent fire breaks."Overall, vintners estimate that the region lost only about five percent of its harvest to fire and smoke — not a perfect outcome, but better than in 2017, when wildfire struck with only about 90% of the harvest in. The remaining grapes weren't all lost, but that year's vintages were rumored to have a "smoky" taste, and winemakers were taking no chances this year.Many in Sonoma, a sprawling county larger than Rhode Island located about an hour north of San Francisco, say they're hoping that fires don't become the new normal. But with the smell of smoke lingers in the air and the charred hills serving as a reminder, they're also making plans in case they do.Fire season isn't over yet, of course, and the now largely contained Kincade fire did incinerate the historic Soda Rock Winery, although most vineyards sustained no damage and lost no production. But the region has suffered a precipitous drop in fall tourism, which could undermine the economic health of its wineries and hospitality industry alike.Bret Munselle lost about half of the young vines he had planted just two months before when a fire raged through the upper part of his ranch at Munselle Vineyards in Alexander Valley, between Healdsburg and Geyserville. The drainage below the plants was also damaged, and will probably cost 0,000 to repair, he said.It could have been much worse if mature vineyards were more appealing to fire. Water-rich vines and grapes planted in plowed rows don't offer them much fuel, he said."My family has lived on this property for 130 years," Munselle said. "We've never seen it burn from the tops of mountains to the valley floor."Climate change is making summers warmer and drying out more forest brush, creating greater fuel reservoirs for wildfire, said Noah Diffenbaugh, a professor of earth system science at Stanford. The late-autumn rains that typically end fire season have started later in recent years, he said, although it's not yet clear whether that's also climate-related.Oddly enough, those same effects can help protect the grape crop by accelerating ripening of the fruit and reducing the chance that unexpectedly early rains might damage it.Wine researchers have suggested vineyards might need to adjust harvest times, evaluate what they plant, even possibly move to cooler areas over time.Few grape growers are dramatically changing their practices yet. No one is talking about closing up shop or moving elsewhere. But winemakers are tinkering anyway — and everyone is buying backup generators.Clay Mauritson of Mauritson Wines said he and his family are experimenting with different pruning methods to increase shade on the plants, although they don't see any need to shift to new growing areas."We don't want to be too dramatic or reactionary," he said. "We are going to take baby steps to make sure we're prepared for what comes down."Tourism, which is usually booming amid the fall colors and mild temperatures, has taken a serious blow. Evacuations of nearby Healdsburg and Windsor, along with planned blackouts by the region's utility, PG&E — plus, the widespread misperception that the vineyards themselves burned — led to a rash of cancellations for hotel, restaurant and tasting-room reservations.Joe Bartolomei, owner of the upscale boutique hotel Farmhouse Inn in Forestville, said he would normally be sold out this time of year. But on Nov. 1, his inn had only two of 25 rooms filled. He's trying to get the message out that the county businesses are intact and open for visitors.But, he said, "it's going to be a slow, gradual education."Visitor numbers had just started recovering from a similar drop-off following the 2017 fires, said Sonoma County Tourism president Clauda Vecchio.So the tourism bureau now plans to promote wine country as a spring destination rather than fall, and is devoting the bulk of its 0,000 advertising budget to that end. That means convincing visitors to come celebrate "bud break," when green shoots make the vineyards colorful, rather than the harvest itself.But to boost tourism numbers to a level she'd like, Vecchio says she would really need roughly ten times the budget.The good news, Diffenbaugh said, is that people have a long history of figuring out how to thrive in all kinds of environments."Humans are really good at dealing with a variety of different conditions," he said. "What climate change is doing is changing which conditions occur where." 5480

Game after game, LeBron James carried the Cavs against the Indiana Pacers, and the people at "Saturday Night Live" noticed.Boy, did they notice.In a skit that went unaired, "SNL" poked fun at "The Other Cavaliers" who will do anything for their fearless leader as long as it doesn't involve defense or scoring any points. Anything? Yep. From giving LeBron a high-five to holding his several cell phones, his teammates are always there when he needs them, unless it's for something important.In the show's defense, the sketch was probably written early in the week, before the Cavs went up 3-0 against the Raptors.  642

Health care worker Amanda Solt is one of the lucky COVID-19 patients who survived the disease.“I remember them pulling my arms up over my head, under my pillow and then they took the pillow, and that's the last thing I remember,” said Solt.She was in the hospital and ICU for weeks back in June. It wasn't until she received a convalescent plasma donation that she started to turn a corner.“They helped me hold the phone up to my ear, so I could give a verbal consent. To help me sit me up in the bed, literally, they were holding me and helping me sign the paper, so I could give consent. And I just remember the nurses were like, ‘say yes.’ Yes, I remember that and honestly, I feel like I owe my life to them and to the person who donated for sure.”The nurses helped Solt take a picture the moment she got the plasma. She says it saved her life and now she's advocating for others to donate.Health and Human Services Secretary Alex Azar also pushed for donations Wednesday during a briefing on vaccines. HHS is increasingly concerned about supply with rising cases.Plasma is given to hospitalized patients earlier now.People with COVID antibodies can donate plasma as often as every seven days for up to three months. Just one donation can help up to four people.“You have the chance to truly, truly make a difference in life or death for somebody,” said Solt.The American Red Cross saw their distributions of convalescent plasma increase 250% in November compared to September. You can make an appointment to donate online through their app or over the phone. 1571

HONOLULU (AP) -- Hawaii Gov. David Ige extended the state's mandatory 14-day quarantine for all arriving travelers on Wednesday in a bid to keep coronavirus cases in the islands low.Ige said the rule is being extended to the end of July as the state works to solidify a screening process that could soon allow travelers to return in some capacity.Officials said they are planning to install thermal screening stations with facial recognition in the airports by the end of the year.Hawaii has among the lowest COVID-19 infection and mortality rates in the nation.Ige enacted a mandatory self-quarantine for all arriving tourists and residents in March. Some violators of the quarantine rules have been charged. 717

Holidays will look different this year for many Americans, with dinners outside, social distancing, or passing on family gatherings altogether. But several companies developing rapid at-home COVID-19 tests are hopeful that won't be the case next year. The goal is to make inexpensive, easy-to-use COVID tests that can deliver results in minutes, just like a pregnancy test. "For people to feel comfortable to associate with friends or family, there needs to be a testing methodology ideally that can be performed at home," said Tony Lemmo, CEO of the manufacturing company BioDot.The company's technology is being used by over 70 manufacturers worldwide making COVID-19 antigen, antibody, and PCR tests. Their automated platforms dispense nanoliter/picoliter amounts of reagent onto the tests accurately and fast.Lemmo says just one of their systems can support the production of roughly 100 million COVID-19 tests per year, helping to make high-volume production possible.“We knew we were going to be called on by customers to manufacture more equipment to provide them the ability to manufacture more tests," said Lemmo. To meet customer demand, BioDot increased staffing and built a new facility, compressing production time from months to weeks. The FDA recently authorized the first rapid at-home test that can deliver results in 30 minutes, eliminating the need for a lab to test the sample. But the molecular single-use test will only be available to patients with a doctor's prescription who are suspected of being infected with COVID-19.Companies developing tests hope the FDA will soon authorize another at-home testing tool: the rapid antigen test.These inexpensive tests provide results within minutes, and companies developing them say millions could be sold without a doctor's referral.“From what we’re hearing, it’s really just a matter of possibly months before there’s at least sufficient data to be able to support an at-home use of a test like an antigen test," said Lemmo.Lemmo says if authorized by the FDA, manufacturers could make millions of these tests in a matter of months. But antigen tests are less accurate, and the FDA wants to ensure they'll be simple enough for people to use at home. There are also concerns over how the data will be reported to health authorities. “I think any at-home testing or massive rollout of a test into the communities needs to be done very carefully and with a lot of education around it," said Clinical Lab Director Melissa Miller. Dr. Miller is a professor of pathology and laboratory medicine at the University of North Carolina Chapel Hill and Medical Director for the Clinical Microbiology Lab for the Medical Center.She worries the inaccuracies of these tests could eventually lead the public to lose trust in all testing. “Even at 98 percent specificity, which is very, very high. That means you’re going to have a false positive two out of every 100. If you started testing a hundred million people, this is millions of people who have a false-positive test," said Dr. Miller. She says this could lead to healthy people isolating and missing work or school unnecessarily, and false-negative results could give people a false sense of security. “These rapid antigen tests were pushed out to skilled nursing facilities; this is a very high-risk patient population. This is actually where you want a very accurate test," said Dr. Miller. She says it’s unclear how well antigen tests detect the virus in asymptomatic patients but agrees more data is needed to figure that out.“It might make more sense for K-12 schools, or even college settings, where there’s less risk for a poor outcome if you have a false positive or a false negative," said Dr. Miller. But with a growing demand for convenient at-home testing, manufacturers are hopeful that in the months ahead, the FDA will soon open the door to new solutions. 3889

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