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Major League Baseball announced on Wednesday that it was elevating seven early 20th century all-Black baseball leagues — known collectively as the "Negro leagues" — to "Major League" status.The move recognizes the players in those leagues — who were prevented from playing for National or American League clubs because of racist "color barriers" — as Major League players and formalizes any surviving records or statistics from those leagues.Between the late 19th century through 1947, owners of National and American League clubs mutually agreed not to hire any Black ballplayers. As a result, Black people started their own baseball leagues, filled with teams and players across the country.Jackie Robinson finally broke the MLB's color barrier in 1947, when he began playing with the Brooklyn Dodgers. Over the next 12 years, MLB teams gradually began integrating their teams with the top Black players, eventually signaling the end of the Negro leagues.The MLB had previously inducted 35 players into the Baseball Hall of Fame. But with Wednesday's decision, MLB officially declared that the level of play in many of the Negro leagues was comparable to its own and bestowed the title of "Major Leaguer" to thousands of Black ballplayers who were not offered the opportunity to play with white players.According to MLB.com, the MLB has granted "Major League" status to the following all-Black leagues: Negro National League (I) (1920-31), the Eastern Colored League (1923-28), the American Negro League (1929), the East-West League (1932), the Negro Southern League (1932), the Negro National League (II) (1933-48) and the Negro American League (1937-48)."All of us who love baseball have long known that the Negro Leagues produced many of our game's best players, innovations and triumphs against a backdrop of injustice," MLB Commissioner Rob Manfred said in a statement. "We are now grateful to count the players of the Negro Leagues where they belong: as Major Leaguers within the official historical record."The MLB and its official statisticians at Elias Sports Bureau have now begun integrating the various leagues' records into MLB records. The integration could have some significant outcomes on current records lists — for instance, Black players like Josh Gibson, Jud Wilson, Oscar Charleston and Turkey Stearnes may soon be added to the top 10 all-time batting averages list, which would push players like Ted Williams and Babe Ruth out of the top 10.Negro Leagues Baseball Museum president Bob Kendrick applauded the MLB's decision on Wednesday."For historical merit, it is extraordinarily important," Kendrick said, according to MLB.com. "Having been around so many of the Negro League players, they never looked to Major League Baseball to validate them. But for fans and for historical sake, this is significant, it really is. So we are extremely pleased with this announcement. And for us, it does give additional credence to how significant the Negro Leagues were, both on and off the field." 3021

LOUISVILLE, Ky. -- Green Bay Packers legend and Pro Football Hall of Famer Paul Hornung has died at age 84, the Louisville Sports Commission announced Friday.Hornung died Friday after a long battle with dementia. He is survived by his wife of 41 years, Angela.Hornung was an icon of the 1960s Packers teams. A No. 1 pick in the 1957 NFL Draft, the running back was the NFL's MVP in 1961, and his Packers earned championships in 1961, 1962, and 1965, along with winning Super Bowl I in 1967.Hornung was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1986, the Associated Press reported. He also won the 1956 Heisman Trophy while playing quarterback for Notre Dame.Nicknamed "The Golden Boy" due to his blonde hair, Hall of Fame Coach Vince Lombardi once called Hornung "the most versatile man ever to play the game," the Commission said in its news release."Due to COVID restrictions, there will be a private funeral mass at St. Louis Bertrand Church in Louisville followed by a private burial in Cave Hill Cemetery. Owen Funeral Home-Jeffersontown will oversee services. A public celebration of his life will be held at a later date. In lieu of flowers, the family requests donations are made to the Norton Sports Health Athletics and Learning Complex via the Louisville Urban League, 1535 West Broadway, Louisville, Ky., 40203; or the Sister Visitor Center via Catholic Charities of Louisville, 2911 South Fourth Street, Louisville, Ky., 40208," the Louisville Sports Commission said.According to the AP, NFL Commissioner Pete Rozelle suspended Hornung and Detroit’s Alex Karras were suspended in 1963 for betting on NFL games and associating with undesirable persons.This story was first reported by TMJ4 Staff in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. 1745

MATIAS ROMERO, Mexico (AP) — Dozens of transgender women and gay men in the caravan moving through Mexico with hopes of seeking asylum in the United States have banded together for protection — not from the uncertainty of a journey fraught with danger from the gangs who prey on migrants but from their fellow travelers.Fleeing violence and discrimination back home because of their gender identity or sexual orientation, these LGBTQ migrants have found the journey north to be just as threatening amid catcalls and even physical abuse."Sweet little thing!" ''Baby, where you going?" ''How much do you charge?" These all-too-familiar jeers are spewed at them as they make their way with the caravan of several thousand.Loly Mendez, a 28-year-old who began transitioning to a woman in her native El Salvador, knows all too well the dangers her fellow transgender migrants faced back home: Her best friend, also a transgender woman, was murdered for doing the same.RELATED: Interactive map: Migrant caravan journeys to U.S.-Mexico borderThen Loly herself began getting threats — "that if my breasts were going to grow, they would cut them off," she said. They were always anonymously delivered, which only made her more fearful and finally drove her to flee."In my country there is violence, a lack of work and opportunities," said Loly, who like many of the transgender women in the group preferred using only her first name. "In the caravan there is also violence — against the LGBTQ community."Loly linked up with the caravan in Tapachula, in southern Mexico, and hopes to work in the United States and save up to start a beauty products company — perhaps in Los Angeles or New York. It's something she has planned for a long time, all the way down to the business' logo, but she's never had the money."I am going to a country where I know I will achieve my dreams," Loly said, hopefully.Reports are common in much of Central America of LGBTQ people being murdered, assaulted and discriminated against, due to their gender identity or sexual orientation.But getting U.S. asylum is difficult even with proof someone has been the victim of persecution for being transgender, said Lynly Egyes, director of litigation at the Transgender Law Center in Oakland, California.It often takes days or weeks for transgender immigrants to get a hearing before an asylum officer. If they are allowed to move forward in the process, many are traumatized and struggle to tell their story, Egyes said. They are also much less likely to be granted asylum without a lawyer."It is a horrifying process, and not everybody makes it through," she said.Many of the migrants have said they joined the caravan because it offered safety in numbers. The 50 or so LGBTQ migrants traveling together, most of them in their 20s but some as young as 17 or as old as 60, say they, too, banded together for safety — a sort of caravan within the caravan.Sticking out in their bright-colored clothing and makeup, the group has suffered verbal harassment, especially from men, and has been the victim of robbery and other aggressions. One recent day as they walked in a row on the highway to Isla, in the Mexican Gulf coast state of Veracruz, a group of fellow migrants passed by on a flatbed truck and showered them with water, oranges, rinds and other refuse.Fearful of being attacked more violently or sexually assaulted, they stick by each other's sides 24 hours a day, walking and sleeping in a group and even using the buddy system for going to the bathroom.In Matias Romero, in the southern Mexican state of Oaxaca, rather than sleep outdoors they took over an abandoned hotel damaged in last year's deadly earthquake. Dirty, windowless and with no electricity or running water, it was nonetheless a place to have a roof over their heads and be safe. They bathed by the light of a small lantern, dressed themselves and applied makeup as dozens of men milled about outside.Each night "the girls," as they call themselves, sift through piles of donated clothing to try to look as sharp as possible. And they face a dilemma: Where to dress and relieve themselves?"We have problems when it comes time to go to the bathroom," said Nakai Flotte, a transgender woman and activist. "We bathe in the men's, sometimes in the women's, but it's difficult. There isn't one for us."Flotte was accompanying the migrants to provide support and information about making asylum claims.The U.S. "should take into account their condition of vulnerability and violence," she said.However, a decision by then Attorney General Jeff Sessions this year to deny asylum to victims of domestic and gang violence could also have a negative impact on transgender women and men because many are victims of gang violence who are targeted for being transgender."I know it will be difficult to win asylum," said Alexa Amaya, a 24-year-old from Honduras, "but we have to make the attempt."The caravan has traveled more than 1,000 miles (more than 2,000 kilometers) in the month since its initial participants set out from San Pedro Sula, Honduras, and as it traverses Mexico's central highlands it's still about the same distance from its goal of Tijuana, across the border from San Diego. It's unclear how many will make it. A similar caravan earlier this year fizzled to just about 200 who reached the U.S. frontier.Much of the trek has been on foot, but hitching rides in pickup trucks, minibuses and tractor-trailers has been crucial lately, especially on days when they travel 100 miles or more. For the LGBTQ group, it's been tougher to find those rides."A taxi driver kicked us out of his car," said Lady Perez, a 23-year-old from Honduras, adding that sometimes truck drivers who often transport migrants for a small fee have doubled or tripled the price for her group.Lady began identifying as transgender at age 5, and her father ultimately disowned her. She was subjected to insults and beatings, her boyfriend was killed and she was warned to leave Honduras or else."In our country the rights of the LGBTQ community are not respected, and anti-social groups take advantage of that," Lady said.Walking on the highway in a black miniskirt, red lipstick and black eyeliner, she said many men in the caravan have been harassing her and the others."They have denigrated us. Supposedly you're emigrating from your country because of the violence, the discrimination, the homophobia, and it turns out that in the very caravan you face this kind of violence," she said.In the face of the near-constant harassment, march organizers and human rights workers have sought to provide the group some security in the form of two men in green vests who travel with them and try to ward off any attacks.If the verbal harassment doesn't cross the line, "we feel protected," Loly said. "If someone does cross the line, human rights is with us to protect us."___Associated Press writer Astrid Galvan in Phoenix contributed to this report. 6973

Mary Winston Jackson (1921–2005) successfully overcame the barriers of segregation and gender bias to become a professional aerospace engineer and leader in ensuring equal opportunities for future generations. 217

MEXICO CITY (AP) - A magnitude 5.9 earthquake shook the southern Mexican state of Oaxaca on Monday, days after a more powerful temblor hit the same area. 161