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WASHINGTON, July 8 (Xinhua) -- U.S. space shuttle Atlantis lifted off on Friday morning from Kennedy Space Center in Florida, on the 135th and final flight in NASA's shuttle program.The shuttle blasted off at about 11:29 a.m. EDT (1529 GMT) on a tower of flame, NASA TV showed.Before taking flight, shuttle Commander Christopher Ferguson saluted all those who contributed over the years to the shuttle program."The shuttle is always going to be a reflection of what a great nation can do when it dares to be bold and commits to follow through,'' he said. "We're not ending the journey today ... we're completing a chapter of a journey that will never end.''In this photo released by NASA, space shuttle Atlantis lifts off from NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida, the United States, July 8, 2011. U.S. space shuttle Atlantis lifted off at about 11:29 a.m. EDT (1529 GMT) on Friday from Kennedy Space Center in Florida, on the 135th and final flight in NASA's shuttle program.Atlantis's primary payload is an Italian-built cargo hauler named Raffaello which is loaded with 8,640 pounds (3,919 kgs) of food, clothing, supplies and science equipment to sustain space station operations after the shuttles are retired.Only four astronauts take to the skies because there is no shuttle available for a rescue flight should anything go wrong. Normally NASA sends six or seven astronauts on space shuttle flights -- with the last four-person shuttle crew launched 28 years ago.But Atlantis' status as the final flight means there is no other space shuttle on standby and the U.S. would have to call on Russia for any rescue operation. The Russian Soyuz capsules hold just three astronauts and at least one must be Russian, so two crew members would have to fly up and bring home the Americans from the International Space Station one at a time.The crew will also return an ammonia pump that recently failed on the station. Engineers want to understand why the pump failed and improve designs for future spacecraft. One spacewalk is planned during Atlantis' mission, though it will be conducted by NASA's two resident space station astronauts, rather than the shuttle crew.It is the 33rd voyage for Atlantis. Its return to the earth later this month will mark the end of the 30-year shuttle program.Atlantis will be the last shuttle to be retired. Discovery was first in March, followed by Endeavour at the beginning of June. Each shuttle will head to a museum.When the U.S. space shuttle program officially ends later this year, the Russian space program's Soyuz capsule will be the only method for transporting astronauts to and from the station.Space shuttles have made great contributions to U.S. space exploration. They allowed astronauts to not only launch satellites, but to grab and repair them and put them back into service. Most remarkably, they allowed NASA to regularly rejuvenate the Hubble Space Telescope, which for 21 years has produced images that are transforming astronomers' understanding of the universe. With their enormous cargo bays, the shuttles also enabled the United States and its partners to build the International Space Station.However, high costs, risks, policy shift force the U.S. to quit the space shuttle program.NASA originally estimated the program would cost about 90 billion U.S. dollars. However, its actual cost stands at about 200 billion dollars, compared with the 151 billion dollars spent on Apollo which took Americans to the moon in 1969.Seven astronauts perished when Challenger exploded about a minute after launch in 1986. Nearly two decades after the Challenger explosion, a new catastrophe shocked NASA when the shuttle Columbia disintegrated moments before landing in 2003.One out of every 67 flights ended in death. Based on deaths per million miles traveled, the space shuttle is 138 times riskier than a passenger jet.The panel that investigated the 2003 Columbia accident concluded: "It is in the nation's interest to replace the Shuttle as soon as possible.''The Obama administration wants to spur private companies to get into the space taxi business, freeing NASA to focus on deep space exploration and new technology development.During his first-ever Twitter town hall meeting on Wednesday, Obama said NASA needs new technology breakthroughs to revitalize its mission to explore the universe."The shuttle did some extraordinary work in low-orbit experiments, the International Space Station, moving cargo. It was an extraordinary accomplishment. And we're very proud of the work that it did," Obama said. "But now what we need is that next technological breakthrough."

SAN FRANCISCO, Sept. 13 (Xinhua) -- Intel and Google on Tuesday announced a partnership to enable the world's largest chip maker's architecture on the search giant's products, saying that an Intel chip-based Android smartphone will hit the market in the first half of 2012.In a joint press release, the two companies said the future versions of Android mobile operating system will support Intel's low power Atom processors, in addition to other architectures.At the Intel Developer Forum in San Francisco on Tuesday, Intel Chief Executive Officer Paul Otellini said the Intel smartphone chip is code-named Medfield and based on the company's own PC- based computer architecture.Otellini said multiple vendors around the world will launch the Medfield-based Android smartphones in the first half of 2012.Andy Rubin, senior vice president of mobile at Google, came on stage at the close of Otellini's keynote to hail the joint initiatives between the two companies.Intel has been struggling to get a bite of the booming market of smartphones and tablets. Most of the current mobile devices use chips based on architecture from ARM Holdings, which are considered more power efficient than Intel's products. Nokia had planned to ship smartphones with Intel chips this year, but it shifted to ARM-based phones with Windows Phone 7 system.Otellini said Intel will eventually have an advantage in supplying smartphone chips as the business is not established in terms of the final winner and performance of the products keeps growing.

WASHINGTON, June 9 (Xinhua) -- Observations from NASA's Voyager spacecraft suggest the edge of our solar system may not be smooth, but filled with a turbulent sea of magnetic bubbles, the U.S. space agency said Thursday in a statement.While using a new computer model to analyze Voyager data, scientists found the sun's distant magnetic field is made up of bubbles approximately 100 million miles wide. The bubbles are created when magnetic field lines reorganize. The new model suggests the field lines are broken up into self-contained structures disconnected from the solar magnetic field. The findings are described Thursday in the Astrophysical Journal.Like Earth, our sun has a magnetic field with a north pole and a south pole. The field lines are stretched outward by the solar wind or a stream of charged particles emanating from the star that interacts with material expelled from others in our corner of the Milky Way galaxy.The Voyager spacecraft, more than nine billion miles away from Earth, are traveling in a boundary region. In that area, the solar wind and magnetic field are affected by material expelled from other stars in our corner of the Milky Way galaxy."The sun's magnetic field extends all the way to the edge of the solar system," said astronomer Merav Opher of Boston University. "Because the sun spins, its magnetic field becomes twisted and wrinkled, a bit like a ballerina's skirt. Far, far away from the sun, where the Voyagers are, the folds of the skirt bunch up."Understanding the structure of the sun's magnetic field will allow scientists to explain how galactic cosmic rays enter our solar system and help define how the star interacts with the rest of the galaxy.So far, much of the evidence for the existence of the bubbles originates from an instrument aboard the spacecraft that measures energetic particles. Investigators are studying more information and hoping to find signatures of the bubbles in the Voyager magnetic field data."We are still trying to wrap our minds around the implications of the findings," said University of Maryland physicist Jim Drake, one of Opher's colleagues.Launched in 1977, the Voyager twin spacecraft have been on a 33- year journey. They are en route to reach the edge of interstellar space. NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory built the spacecraft and continues to operate them.

KIEV, Aug. 2 (Xinhua) -- Ukraine's regional health authority declared Tuesday a cholera epidemic in the eastern region of Donetsk had ended.All 26 people who had been treated for the disease had been discharged from hospital, the press-service of the Donetsk Regional Sanitary and Epidemiological Service said on its official website.As of this week, no new cases had been registered, the statement said.The cholera outbreak hit eastern Ukraine in late May. The disease can cause rapid dehydration and death.The outbreak was believed to be associated with fish and drinking water supplies from the Sea of Azov.

MOSCOW, Aug. 6 (Xinhua) -- The Arctic is getting warmer at a fast pace with the Russian Arctic sector's ice areas contracting to historically low levels, according to Russian meteorological bureau Rosgidromet.According to a Rosgidromet report cited by Itar-Tass news agency Saturday, the polar cap in the Russian sector has shrunk to the historical low registered in 2007, with no ice expected to block the Northern Seaway at least until September."Currently, Arctic navigation conditions are very favorable. By early August, navigation can be done without icebreakers almost along the entire route," said Valery Martyshchenko, head of Rosgidromet's environment pollution monitoring department.According to the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute, the current ice cover in the Arctic Ocean is 6,860 million square kilometers, way below average.Martyshchenko said the longer period of icebreaker-free navigation would benefit the regions located in the Arctic area, allowing longer access to food and energy supplies, but the warming of the climate also posed new threats, such as melting of ice and forming of icebergs.

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