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SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — As we approach the November election, all eyes are on a handful of battleground states.That’s because of an election procedure that a lot of people have questions about and one that is unique to presidential politics: the Electoral College.When you fill out a ballot for president, you’re not actually voting for the candidate whose name you see. In California, you’re actually voting for 55 people who you may have never heard of, a “slate of electors,” who turn around and cast the real votes from the state Capitol in December. It dates back to 1787. The Founding Fathers were split on the mechanics of how to elect a president, and “this was the thing that they could all agree on,” said UC San Diego political science professor Daniel Butler.The Electoral College was a compromise between the framers who were leery of giving direct power to the masses and others who opposed having Congress elect the president.“It felt a lot like Parliament, a lot like what the British did, which is not what they were going to do,” Butler said.Article II of the Constitution lays out how it works. Each state gets a number of electors equal to the size of their congressional delegation; their senators and U.S. representatives. California has 55 electors, the most of any state.The Founders set up the Electoral College system under one big assumption: that it would be extremely rare for candidates to actually secure a majority, which today is 270 votes. If the contest ended without a majority winner, it would be decided by Congress.The last election decided by Congress was in 1824. The scenario the Founders predicted might happen once or twice a century has unfolded in every election since.“I think what frustrates many people about the Electoral College is that that majority winner in the popular vote isn’t always who captures the majority in the Electoral College,” said UC San Diego political science chair Thad Kousser.In 2016, then-candidate Donald Trump became just the fifth person in history to win the Electoral College and lose the popular vote, out of 58 presidential elections. It also happened in 2000 in the contest between George W. Bush and Al Gore.The Founders envisioned the Electoral College as a check on the popular vote, able to potentially choose a different candidate than the one favored by the masses, but in practice, electors almost never do that. Most states have laws requiring electors to follow the popular vote.It was big news in 2016 when 10 electors broke ranks in an effort to block candidate Trump, because in every state electors are party loyalists, hand-picked by top leaders. So-called faithless electors have never swung an election.Kousser says for all the recent controversy surrounding the electoral college, there are some major benefits. Because the system empowers states whose electorate is closely divided between the parties, Kousser said it helps mitigate the role of money in politics.“What the electoral college does is it focuses and narrows the playing field to these few battleground states,” he said. “That's where you've got to run ads. That's where you've got to run your campaigns, not in 50 states. If we had to run 50-state campaigns then it would cost billions of dollars to win elections and it would give a huge advantage to whichever side raised the most money.”The other benefit of focusing elections on key swing states is that it pushes the parties more towards the center, Kousser argues. Without the Electoral College, he says candidates would try to “run up the score” and collect as many votes as possible in more populous states like California and Texas that tend to be more politically polarized. 3703

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - Congress is considering a bill that will push for more transparency in the online event ticketing industry. Included in the reforms would be a mandate that companies disclose the full cost of each ticket, including additional fees, up front.In the current environment, most ticket sites show only the cost of the ticket up front, but add the fees after the customer has begun the process of purchasing the tickets.San Diego Congressman Scott Peters is on the committee considering the bill and questioned leaders from the major ticketing companies during a congressional hearing Wednesday. RELATED: ESPN: Ticket sellers support mandate to show upfront fees"The main thing is that you should know going in what the fees are that you're going to pay," Peters told 10News. The hearing included representatives from Ticketmaster, Stubhub, and AXS.Other contentious issues being considered by lawmakers include battling ticket fraud, transfer of tickets once purchased, and the accusations that companies withhold putting many of the tickets on sale at one time in order to create a false sense of demand and artificially cause the ticket prices to increase.Peters says he thinks Congress will be able to pass a strong bill to create more transparency. "There was a lot of agreement about what we should do in Congress, even among the companies. They'd like to have us set rules that everyone could abide by," Peters said. 1444

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — As county leaders struggle to control the latest surge of COVID-19 in San Diego, there is an acknowledgment that there are no good options. While many businesses are preparing to ignore public health orders to close or limit operations, public health experts warn the consequences of failure to limit the spread of the virus will be dire.“The reality of it is indoor spaces with people talking without masks are not safe. I think that’s really important to getting this under control,” said Dr. Rebecca Fielding-Miller, an expert in infectious diseases at UC San Diego.She says the county has tried to chart a middle course between allowing businesses to remain open while trying to rein in the virus. “We have been, I’m really sorry to say, doing it in half measures since March," Fielding-Miller said.But to be successful, such a policy requires a great commitment by the public to safety measures such as wearing masks, social distancing, and avoiding gatherings. That commitment has proven vulnerable to the COVID fatigue felt by the public, as adherence to those measures tends to slide with time.Fielding-Miller says some counties in the United States, along with some other countries, have had success with brief but strict lockdowns. However, there may not be public support for such actions here.Others advocate a full reopening of the economy and letting the virus run its course. They argue that the economic, psychological, and educational harm from the public health restrictions are greater than the damage caused by the virus itself. Proponents say the United States should try a “herd immunity” strategy, where attempts are made to protect vulnerable populations, but the virus is otherwise allowed to spread unchecked through the general population. The theory projects that once enough people are infected, the virus has nowhere left to spread and will die out on its own.Most public health experts say that method could prove catastrophic. They point out that it’s not known how many people would have to be infected, but it would have to be a majority. “If we went down this path where we attempt to infect 70% of the population, the very, very likely outcome is we would end up with something like one to two million Americans dying,” said Fielding-Miller. Furthermore, it is also not known how long a person is immune after recovering from COVID-19. There have already been cases of people being infected for a second time. “We would end up with extraordinarily high rates of disability and mortality for no gain at all, for people to just be able to get reinfected in six months. So I understand the attraction, but it's also not viable," Fielding-Miller said.This week, San Diego moved into the purple tier, the most restrictive of California’s COVID-19 tiers. 2811

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — As counties across the state are able to reopen, some are seeing COVID-19 case numbers bounce back up.There's concern from business owners that the state's current approach to restrictions could put them in a constant state opening and closing. Forty miles east of San Diego is the small community of Descanso."I was born and raised in Descanso," said Melanie Schlumpberger.Staying true to her roots, Descanso is where Schlumpberger opened her small business, Americutz Salon."It was going great," Schlumpberger said. "I was super busy getting new clients all the time."Then came COVID-19 and the stay at home order."It was very hard not knowing how long we were going to be closed down for," she said.Schlumpberger said savings got her through until she could reopen, but that ended up being short-lived. Cases in San Diego County spiked, and a few weeks later, her doors closed again.She said after being closed for another six weeks, she could reopen under the new state's guidelines."It was really exciting when we got to open back up," said Schlumpberger.Then college started, some county metrics spiked, and business could once again be impacted."I don't want to close down again cause it's so hard," she said. "I don't want to lose all the stuff that I've worked for."Schlumpberger said her operation is safe, and there have been very few cases of COVID-19 in Descanso and the surrounding areas.According to the County of San Diego's COVID-19 dashboard cases by residence, San Diego has more than 19,000 confirmed cases. The county's data show Descanso has 12."If the county numbers go up, unfortunately, the businesses countywide have to adjust," said San Diego County Supervisor Jim Desmond.He says you can look at any county across the state and find a similar issue. Desmond says instead of ping-ponging people's lives, some decisions should be made at the local level."If a business is able to operate safely and follow all the safety protocols and we can enforce those safety protocols, then they should be able to open," he said.Reporter Adam Racusin asked California's Health and Human Services Agency Secretary Dr. Mark Ghaly if there should be a different approach for areas in counties not as impacted by COVID-19."Something we've long considered," Ghaly said. "You know we work very closely at the countywide level. We have throughout this entire response had many counties step forward and highlight exactly what your statement highlighted that we have differential levels of transmission throughout the different parts of the county. We continue to work with the county to figure out where those trends, especially those upward trends, where we might intervene, but certainly our approach has been county by county, countywide. We look forward to continuing to work with the San Diego leadership both on the health and the elected side to make sure that we do make the right decisions for that county broadly speaking, and we'll be looking forward to the upcoming week and those conversations."Ghaly said the state does empathize with the concern of the business owners and the idea of opening up just a few weeks ago to close back down.Schlumpberger is worried if her businesses is impacted again, it might not survive."I've put so much money and time into building my business and to just lose it because they keep closing us down again is not fair," she said.San Diego officials formally asked the governor to not include SDSU case numbers in the county’s overall total, however during a press conference Wednesday, Gov. Newsom said a special exemption would not be considered."You can't isolate, as if it's on an island, the campus community that is part of a larger community. So the answer is no," Newsom said. 3764

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - Charles Schwab is the latest large investment firm to offer fractional stocks as a way to get more people to invest.The move puts more high-dollar, blue chip stocks within reach for younger customers."It's a big win to consumers in general," says Steven Fox, the owner of Next Gen Financial Planning. "That's particularly helpful for younger investors because they typically tend to have smaller accounts."A recent report says that 66% of millennials say they're afraid of the stock market. Fox thinks it's because that generation watched their parents go through multiple downturns and were turned off by its volatility.But, Fox says fractional stocks, and other new ideas from large companies are enticing more people to invest. He says many firms are starting to offer perks like zero-commission trades, fractional stocks, and on-line based accounts to help people save money and invest more."It may only be 1%, but for a lot of people over a long period of time, as you account grows more and more, that 1% can mean a difference of tens or hundreds of thousands of dollars that you would have available to pull out later in life."Fox says it also helps people keep a more diverse portfolio. He says this is the start of a shift to more direct indexing, where investors will be able to use fractional stocks to create their own groups of investments, rather than buying pre-set mutual funds or indexes."You're gonna see more technology come out that makes it easy to do direct indexing and consumers are going to see more and more options here," says Fox. 1585