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RIO DE JANEIRO, Sept. 26 (Xinhua) -- Rio de Janeiro has the highest level of air pollution in Brazil, and is more polluted than many other world metropolis like New York, London and Paris, a World Health Organization (WHO) study said Monday.According to the study, which was carried out in 91 countries and regions, the air in Rio's metropolitan area contains 64 micrograms of fine particulate matter per cubic meter, over three times the upper limit set by the WHO, which is 20 micrograms per cubic meter.Despite being larger, having a bigger population and more vehicles, Sao Paulo's metropolitan area has less air pollution, with 38 micrograms of fine particulate matter per cubic meter.According to the WHO, "the largest contributors to urban outdoor air pollution include motor transport, small-scale manufacturers and other industries, burning of biomass and coal for cooking and heating, as well as coal-fired power plants." The organization said that residential wood and coal burning for heating also help increase air pollution, especially in rural areas in the cold months.The WHO expressed concern over air pollution levels in several cities, as some two million people worldwide die annually from conditions resulting from air pollution."Air pollution is a major environmental health issue, and it is vital that we increase efforts to reduce the health burden it creates," said Dr. Maria Neira, WHO's director for Public Health and Environment.According to the study, Ahwaz, Iran, has the most polluted air in the world, with 372 micrograms of fine particulate matter per cubic meter.

BEIJING, Aug. 22 (Xinhuanet) -- Researchers have discovered how a human egg captures an incoming sperm for fertilization, paving the way to help couples suffering from infertility, according to media reports on Monday.An international team of researchers found that a sugar chain known as the sialyl-lewis-x sequence (SLeX) makes the outer coat of the egg “sticky,” which has proven to be helpful in binding the egg and the sperm.As a result, this observation has filled in a huge gap in the understanding of fertility and provides hope for ultimately helping couples who currently cannot conceive.Scientists and doctors know that a sperm identifies an egg when proteins on the head of the sperm match and bind to a series of specific sugars in the egg’s outer coating. With a successful match of proteins, the outside surfaces of the sperm and egg then bind together before merging, which is then followed by delivery of sperm’s DNA into egg.To identify this molecules, the researchers used ultra-sensitive mass-spectrometric imaging technology to observe and identify which molecules are most likely to be key in the binding process.They experimented with a range of synthesised sugars in the laboratory and found that it is SLeX that specifically binds sperm to an egg.According to the World Health Organisation, infertility affects about 15 percent of reproductive-aged couples around the world and almost one in every seven couples in Britain has problems conceiving a child for various reasons.

CANBERRA, Aug. 31 (Xinhua) -- Australia's new chief medical officer, Professor Chris Baggoley, on Wednesday said Australian should not be worried about reports that a mutant strain of the deadly bird flu virus is spreading across Asia and beyond.On Monday, the UN's Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) said a mutant strain of the deadly avian influenza virus was spreading in Asia and issued a warning that the bird flu could spread from poultry to humans. It urged "heightened readiness and surveillance" as the mutant strain posed "unpredictable risks to human health."But Professor Baggoley, who took office on Tuesday, said Australia is well served by strict testing and customs regimes, adding that avian migration patterns also mean infected birds are highly unlikely to arrive in Australia."I don't think we should be worried," Prof Baggoley told Sky News."The country and the Australian government is certainly vigilant in relation to bird flu."Prof. Baggoley insisted the H5N1 virus remains overwhelmingly a disease of birds and it is very uncommon for humans to catch it. It is also exceedingly rare for humans to spread it among themselves.He said that even if bird flu did arrive and affected humans, Australia is ready to respond to any new and significant developments in bird flu."Australia tests migratory wild birds, looking for H5N1, and has been doing this for some years and has never found it," he said."On the human side of things, Australia has been preparing for a possible outbreak of H5N1 since 2004."We've got the laboratory capacity to diagnose influenza; we've got arrangements in place for a rapid production of an H5N1 vaccine for humans, and we've got ready access to antivirals."There have been no outbreaks of bird flu in Australia to date.The UN said the latest human death from bird flu occurred earlier this month in Cambodia, which has registered eight cases of human infection this year, all of them fatal.H5N1 has infected 565 people since it first appeared in 2003, killing 331.

SUVA, Sept. 21 (Xinhua) -- The Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC) stressed on Wednesday that sustainable use and management of forests and tree resources will remain its important focus for the foreseeable future.Sairusi Bulai, a forestry team coordinator of SPC's Land Resources Division (LRD) told a regional workshop currently underway in Fiji's western tourist city of Nadi that "our main issue was and continues to be the lack of adequate resources to enable countries to effectively implement sustainable forest management.""Therefore, we are very fortunate that we have this opportunity to discuss findings and recommendations of the mission, which the UN-REDD Program has undertaken in the Pacific earlier this year," he added.REDD+ is a new international mechanism to compensate developing countries for reducing their rate of deforestation and forest degradation and increasing their carbon stocks.Developing countries participate on a voluntary basis. They provide technical and financial assistance to enable eligible countries to meet the requirements for future participation. Once a country begins participating, it receives compensation for its verified reduction in carbon emission from forest activities.The UN-REDD Program is a collaborative partnership of the United Nations Development Program (UNDP), the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) to support countries in the preparation of this mechanism.Bulai encouraged participants to take advantage of the excellent opportunity to discuss REDD+ experiences in the region and to link up with the experts in attendance.REDD+ gives an excellent opportunity to create better awareness and understanding amongst all stakeholders, including resource owners, so that informed decisions are made to avoid exploitation, he said.Bulai, meanwhile, stressed on the critical importance of multi- sectoral as well as multi-stakeholder based approaches to forest management to effectively reduce deforestation and forest degradation.

CHENGDU, Sept. 20 (Xinhua) -- A United Nations official said Tuesday that she hopes China will take every opportunity to reinforce, support and lead the UN's agenda and "infuse it with strength and wisdom.""The more China gives, the better the UN can become," said Renata Lok-Dessallien, UN Resident Coordinator and United Nations Development Program (UNDP) Resident Representative in China, at the Seminar in Memory of the 40th Anniversary of the Resumption of Lawful Rights of China in the United Nations.The three-day seminar from Sept. 19 to 21 is being held in the city of Chengdu in southwest China's Sichuan Province. About 100 UN and Chinese officials are gathering to discuss China's role in the UN, as well as the UN's role in global diplomacy.Lok-Dessallien said that the General Assembly Resolution of Oct. 25, 1971 was an "important milestone in China's international relations and in the history of the United Nations.""It restored the rights of the People's Republic of China in the United Nations and marked China's entry to the world stage," she said.Steven Sabey, a senior policy advisor from the UNDP's China office, said that China plays an important role in facilitating cooperation about the member states of the United Nations."China needs the United Nations, and the United Nations also needs China," said Wu Hailong, China's assistant minister of foreign affairs."We must recognize that as the largest developing country in the world, China needs to manage its domestic affairs first, as this can have a positive effect on humanity as a whole," Wu said.As China's role in the world continues to grow and evolve, the UN's role in China will also grow, according to Lok-Dessallien."As China's development trajectory continues to evolve, we are entering significantly new territory in the UN-China relationship," she said.Sabey said that he hopes China will strengthen its cooperation with the United Nations in order to further improve intercultural communication and allow China to contribute more to other developing countries."The United Nations is committed to continuing to deepen and strengthen our partnership as we tackle the many global challenges ahead," said Lok-Dessallien.

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