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NAIROBI, Jan. 28 (Xinhua) -- Although exact details surrounding the situation are not known at this time, there are indications that the fishing vessel TAI JUAN 227 from China's Taiwan has been released from pirate control, the EU anti piracy mission said on Friday.The vessel, which had a crew of 28 at the time of the attack, was pirated on May 6, 2010 while operating 700 Nm North East of Seychelles.EU Naval Force spokesman Paddy O'Kennedy said in a statement that although direct contact with the crew has not been possible, the vessel's owners apparently received a call from the master stating that they had been released but that they did not know why.According to the EU naval force, the crew were provided with fresh food and water by a U.S. warship after the release. The vessel is currently heading away from Somalia.The naval spokesman also said that there is confusion surrounding the details of the release as, until three days ago, the FV TAI YUAN 227 was suspected as being used as a pirate mothership.The Gulf of Aden, a body of water between Somalia and Yemen, is the main sea route between Europe and Asia.Tankers carrying Middle East oil through the Suez Canal must pass first through the Gulf of Aden. Pirate gangs operating along Somalia's coastline have become increasingly audacious over the past two years, hijacking dozens of merchant ships and their crews to earn ransoms that can top 1 million U.S. dollars per ship.So far the fledgling Somali government has not dared go after the pirate strongholds, since pirate leaders have more power than the beleaguered government.

WASHINGTON, April 6 (Xinhua) -- A study led by researchers at the University of Michigan (U-M) showed in animal studies that new cancer drug compounds they developed shrank tumors, with few side effects.The study, done in two mouse models of human cancer, looked at two compounds designed to activate a protein that kills cancer cells. The protein, p53, is inactivated in a significant number of human cancers. In some cases, it is because another protein, MDM2, binds to p53 and blocks its tumor suppresser function. This allows the tumor to grow unchecked. The new compounds block MDM2 from binding to p53, consequently activating p53."For the first time, we showed that activation of p53 by our highly potent and optimized MDM2 inhibitors can achieve complete tumor regression in a mouse model of human cancer," says lead study author Shaomeng Wang, director of the Cancer Drug Discovery Program at the U-M Comprehensive Cancer Center.Wang presented the study Wednesday at the American Association for Cancer Research 102nd annual meeting.Many traditional cancer drugs also activate p53 but they do so by causing DNA damage in both tumor cells and normal cells, causing side effects. These new MDM2 inhibitors activate p53 while avoiding the DNA damage common with other drugs. In this study, which was done in collaboration with Ascenta Therapeutics and Sanonfi-Aventis, researchers showed that these new drugs shrank tumors without significant side effects.Because p53 is involved in all types of human cancer, the new drug has potential to be used in multiple types of cancer. Further, the researchers also identified certain markers in tumors that predict which ones will be particularly sensitive to the MDM2 inhibitor, which would allow physicians to target the drug only to patients most likely to benefit.

WASHINGTON, May 2 (Xinhua) -- Rice originated in China, a team of U.S. genome researchers has concluded in a study tracing back thousands of years of evolutionary history through large-scale gene re-sequencing.Their findings, which appear Monday in the latest issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), indicate that domesticated rice may have first appeared as far back as approximately 9,000 years ago in the Yangtze Valley of China. Previous research suggested domesticated rice may have two points of origin -- India as well as China.Asian rice, Oryza sativa, is one of world's oldest crop species. It is also a very diverse crop, with tens of thousands of varieties known throughout the world. Two major subspecies of rice -- japonica and indica -- represent most of the world's varieties. Sushi rice, for example, is a type of japonica, while most of the long-grain rice in risottos are indica.Because rice is so diverse, its origins have been the subject of scientific debate. One theory -- a single-origin model -- suggests that indica and japonica were domesticated once from the wild rice O. rufipogon.Another -- a multiple-origin model -- proposes that these two major rice types were domesticated separately and in different parts of Asia. The multiple-origin model has gained currency in recent years as biologists have observed significant genetic differences between indica and japonica, and several studies examining the evolutionary relationships among rice varieties supported more than domestication in both India and China.In the PNAS study, the researchers re-assessed the evolutionary history, or phylogeny, of domesticated rice using previously published datasets, some of which have been used to argue that indica and japonica rice have separate origins. Using more modern computer algorithms, however, the researchers concluded these two species have the same origin because they have a closer genetic relationship to each other than to any wild rice species found in either India or China.In addition, the study's authors examined the phylogeny of domesticated rice by re-sequencing 630 gene fragments on selected chromosomes from a diverse set of wild and domesticated rice varieties. Using new modeling techniques, which had previously been used to look at genomic data in human evolution, their results showed that the gene sequence data was more consistent with a single origin of rice.In the study, the investigators also used a "molecular clock" of rice genes to see when rice evolved. Depending on how the researchers calibrated their clock, they pinpointed the origin of rice at possibly 8,200 years ago, while japonica and indica split apart from each other about 3,900 years ago. The study's authors pointed out that these molecular dates were consistent with archaeological studies.Archaeologists have uncovered evidence in the last decade for rice domestication in the Yangtze Valley beginning approximately 8, 000 to 9,000 years ago while domestication of rice in the India's Ganges region was around about 4,000 years ago."As rice was brought in from China to India by traders and migrant farmers, it likely hybridized extensively with local wild rice," explained New York University biologist Michael Purugganan, one of the study's co-authors. "So domesticated rice that we may have once thought originated in India actually has its beginnings in China."

WASHINGTON, April 6 (Xinhua) -- U.S. researchers have discovered two genes in which variation affects intake of caffeine, the most widely consumed stimulant in the world, according to a report described Wednesday in the open-access journal PLoS Genetics.A team of investigators from the National Cancer Institute, Harvard School of Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill examined genetic variation across the entire genome of more than 47,000 individuals from the U.S.They found the genes -- CYP1A2, which has previously been implicated in the metabolism of caffeine, and AHR, involved in the regulation of CYP1A2, played roles in regulating intake of caffeine. Individuals with the highest-consumption genotype for either gene consumed 40 mg more caffeine than those with the lowest-consumption genotype, equivalent to the amount of one-third cup of caffeinated coffee, or one can of cola.Caffeine is implicated in numerous physiological and medical conditions; it affects sleep patterns, energy levels, mood, and mental and physical performance. The identification of genes that have an impact on daily consumption offers opportunities to better understand these conditions. Further exploration of the identified genetic variants may provide insight into the speed of caffeine metabolism, how long caffeine circulates in the blood, or how strong the physiological effects of consuming a given amount of caffeine are.

WASHINGTON, May 25 (Xinhua) -- Two U.S. astronauts conducted the third of four scheduled spacewalks for space shuttle Endeavour 's STS-134 mission on Wednesday morning, the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) announced.Endeavour's mission specialists Drew Feustel and Mike Fincke completed a six-hour-54-minute spacewalk at 8:37 a.m. EDT (1437 GMT). They completed all planned tasks, installing cables to increase redundancy for the power system on the Russian segment of the station, completing the external wireless antenna system work Feustel and Greg Chamitoff began during the first spacewalk, and installing a power and data grapple fixture to Zarya. The fixture will allow the station's robotic arm to "walk" to the Russian segment, extending its reach by using that grapple fixture as a base.It was the 247th spacewalk conducted by U.S. astronauts, and the 158th in support of space station assembly and maintenance, totaling 995 hours and 13 minutes. If everything goes as planned, the 1,000th hour of space station assembly and maintenance will be logged on Friday.Endeavour lifted off on May 16 from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida, to deliver to the International Space Station a 2-billion- dollar, multinational particle detector known as the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS).AMS, a particle physics detector, is designed to search for various types of unusual matter by measuring cosmic rays. Its experiments are designed to help researchers study the formation of the universe and search for evidence of dark matter, strange matter and antimatter.NASA's 30-year-old shuttle program is ending due to high operating costs. The Obama administration wants to spur private companies to get into the space taxi business, freeing NASA to focus on deep space exploration and new technology development.There were initially five space shuttles in the fleet -- Challenger exploded shortly after liftoff in 1986 and Columbia disintegrated on its way back to Earth in 2003. Discovery retired earlier this year, while Endeavour is currently on its final mission. A last mission for Atlantis is scheduled for July, though funding for Atlantis remains in question.The sixth shuttle, Enterprise, did test flights in the atmosphere but was never flown into space. It is already on display at a museum outside Washington.When the U.S. space shuttle program officially ends later this year, the Russian space program's Soyuz capsule will be the only method for transporting astronauts to and from the station.

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