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JINAN, Oct. 24 (Xinhua) -- Chinese scientists have made a breakthrough that could lead to more effective treatments for leprosy.A team from Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology in east China has identified two new risk variants near IL23R and RAB 32 genes that are responsible for the disease, according to a report published online Monday in the scientific journal Nature Genetics.Knowing that the two gene variants influence susceptibility to leprosy could allow doctors to diagnose the disease in sufferers earlier in its outset, as well as to develop new treatments. A genetic database could now be built up to predict those people particularly susceptible to leprosy, said Zhang Furen, the leader of the research team.The study involved more than 10,000 samples being taken from leprosy sufferers and healthy test subjects and analysed.Leprosy is a chronic nerve-killing disease that leads to problems with patients' skin, feet, hands, legs and eyes. More than 200,000 newly-contracted leprosy cases are reported worldwide every year, and China has around one tenth of the world's sufferers. 

WASHINGTON, Nov. 16 (Xinhua) -- Data from NASA's Galileo spacecraft have provided scientists evidence of what appears to be a body of liquid water, equal in volume to the North American Great Lakes, beneath the icy surface of Jupiter's moon, Europa, the U.S. space agency announced Wednesday.The data suggest there is significant exchange between Europa's icy shell and the ocean beneath. This information could bolster arguments that Europa's global subsurface ocean represents a potential habitat for life elsewhere in our solar system. The findings will be published Thursday in the scientific journal Nature.Europa, which is slightly smaller than Earth's moon, is believed to have a large ocean of salty water deep beneath its frozen crust. Galileo spacecraft, launched by the space shuttle Atlantis in 1989, studied Jupiter, which is the most massive planet in the solar system, and some of its many moons.Pictures of it sent back by Galileo point to a tortured surface of cracks and jumbled ice. Seeking to understand how such weird topography evolved in a place with such dim sunlight, scientists believe that the answer lies in similar processes on Earth.Their model suggests that Europa's ice shell is about 10 kilometers thick and within it are giant pockets of water, lying at depths as shallow as three kilometers. Warm water from these sub-surface lakes wells up in plumes, causing the ice to become brittle, crack and then collapse. The ice turnover would be a plus for the prospects for life, as it would transfer energy and nutrients between the sub-glacial lake and the surface."One opinion in the scientific community has been if the ice shell is thick, that's bad for biology. That might mean the surface isn't communicating with the underlying ocean," said Britney Schmidt, lead author of the paper and postdoctoral fellow at the Institute for Geophysics, University of Texas at Austin. " Now, we see evidence that it's a thick ice shell that can mix vigorously and new evidence for giant shallow lakes. That could make Europa and its ocean more habitable.""The data opens up some compelling possibilities," said Mary Voytek, director of NASA's Astrobiology Program. "However, scientists worldwide will want to take a close look at this analysis and review the data before we can fully appreciate the implication of these results."

BEIJING, Nov. 9 (Xinhuanet) -- Routine bowel screening can cut deaths from bowel cancer by 27 percent, a latest Scottish study finds.The result was presented at the National Cancer Research Institute's (NCRI) conference in Liverpool. Funded by the Scottish government's health department, the study involved over 370,000 people aged 50 to 69 from Scotland. Every participant was given a FOBt (faecal occult blood test) kit-- which was used to collect their stool samples-- every two years between 2000 and 2007. The samples were sent to a laboratory for hidden traces of blood test.Under the monitor of the researchers, the participants saw a 27 percent fewer bowel cancer deaths than a similar number of people from Scotland uninvolved in the trial."For the first time, we can see the effects of an FOBt-based colorectal cancer screening program in the real world of the NHS," cheered author Robert Steele from the Bowel Screening Research Centre in Dundee.According to a BBC report, when bowel cancer is detected at the earliest stage, 90% of patients survive for at least five years. After the disease has spread, the survival rate is just 6%.

BEIJING, Dec. 26 (Xinhua) -- China has launched a one-year inter-agency national campaign aiming to return most street children home, the Ministry of Civil Affairs (MCA) said Monday.The MCA will lead the campaign, which is joined by the ministries of education, public security, financial, health, human resources and social security, and housing and urban-rural development, an MCA statement said."We will try our best to identify most street children in cities and send them home by the end of 2012," the statement said.Minister Li Liguo of Civil Affairs said, ministries concerned should strengthen communication and coordination, and speed up the revision of regulations on the relief of city beggars and vagrants.The MCA also urged provincial governments to set up special offices coordinating the campaign. Several provinces, such as Hebei and Yunnan, have been working on this, the statement said.Police will step up their efforts to identify and rescue street children who wander near railway stations, major tourist sites, business areas and subway stops, while civil affairs departments will assist investigation and provide shelter for homeless children, the statement said.Urban communities and neighborhoods are asked by the ministry to report homeless children to local police. Police and civil affairs departments will cooperate to ascertain the whereabouts of their parents or guardians.In home places of street children, education departments are urged to send them to schools or vocational schools, and those from needy families will have their tuition reduced or waived.Health departments are required to offer street children easy access to medical facilities in emergency cases. Hospitals listed in the campaign will treat sick street children free of charge.

BEIJING, Dec. 5 (Xinhua) -- Vice Premier Hui Liangyu on Monday said China will accelerate the establishment of a social security and service system for people with disabilities.Hui made the remarks during a meeting with Shybe Chalklen, UN special rapporteur on Disability of Commission for Social Development."The Chinese government attaches great importance to protecting the rights and interests of the disabled," Hui said, adding that the Chinese government has taken a series of measures in the past to improve the living standards of people with disabilities.Hui said China will make great efforts to create a better environment for the disabled to participate in social activities equally.Chalklen spoke highly of China's achievements and progress concerning people with disabilities, saying he hopes to strengthen cooperation between the UN and China in programs for the disabled.