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Starting Social Security early typically means getting a smaller benefit for the rest of your life. The penalty is steep: Someone who applies this year at age 62 would see their monthly benefit check reduced by nearly 30%.Many Americans have little choice but to accept the diminished payments. Even before the pandemic, about half of retirees said they quit working earlier than they’d planned, often due to job loss or health issues. Some have enough retirement savings to delay claiming Social Security, but many don’t. And now, with unemployment approaching Depression-era levels, claiming early may be the best of bad options for older people who can’t find a job.But the penalty for early filing, and the bonus for delaying your application, are based on old formulas that don’t reflect gains in life expectancy, says economist Alicia Munnell, director of the Center for Retirement Research at Boston College. The result is a system that unfairly penalizes early filers, unjustly benefits late filers — and hurts lower-income people the most.“Low-income people disproportionately collect benefits at 62 and their benefits are cut too much, and high-income people disproportionately delay claiming till 70 and their benefits are increased too much,” Munnell says. “So you penalize the low-income and you benefit the high-income.”The problem started off as a solutionOriginally, Social Security had one retirement age: 65. In 1956, Congress authorized a reduced benefit for women, to allow them to retire at the same time as their typically older husbands. The reduced benefit option was extended to men in 1961.The amount of the reduction was meant to be “actuarially neutral,” so that the cost to Social Security would be the same whether those with average life expectancies claimed the smaller check earlier or the larger check later.As life expectancies rose, though, early filers wound up living with the penalty for longer. In 1956, a 65-year-old woman had an average life expectancy of 16.9 years. Today, it’s 21.6 years, Munnell says. Instead of being actuarially neutral, in other words, the current system results in early filers with average life expectancies getting less.On top of that, Social Security offers a bonus for those who can afford to wait. A 1% delayed retirement credit was introduced in 1972, and the amount was increased over the years to the current 8%. So each year you put off claiming Social Security past your full retirement age adds 8% to your payment. Full retirement age varies according to birth year and is 67 for people born in 1960 or later.Let’s say your full retirement age is 67 and your benefit, if started then, would be ,000 a month. Starting at 62 would shrink the benefit to 0, while waiting until 70 to begin would boost the amount to ,240.The longer you live, the more you can benefit from a delayed filing — and the higher your income, the longer you’re likely to live. In fact, most of the gains in life expectancy in recent years have accrued to higher-income people.Between 2001 and 2014, for example, life expectancy rose by more than two years for men and nearly three years for women with incomes in the top 5%, according to a study for the Social Security Administration. During the same period, life expectancies for those in the bottom 5% of incomes rose a little less than four months for men and about two weeks for women.How benefits could change to be fairerTo restore actuarial fairness, the penalty for early filing should be lower, Munnell says. Someone who retires at 62 instead of 67 should get 22.5% less, rather than 30% less. Similarly, the bonus for waiting should be reduced to just below 7% per year.“The way it’s set up now, people will get 124% of their full benefit if they wait till 70 and they really should only get 120%,” Munnell says.Obviously, Social Security has bigger problems. Once its trust fund is depleted, as projected in 15 years or so, the system will be able to pay only 79% of promised benefits in 2035. That proportion is estimated to drop to 73% by 2094.When Congress finally gets around to fixing the system, Munnell says, it should consider making the payouts more fair.“I think there’ll be some grand bargain on Social Security at some point because I don’t think anybody’s really going to allow benefits to be cut 25%,” Munnell says. “This [actuarial fairness] probably should be put on the agenda.”This article was written by NerdWallet and was originally published by the Associated Press.More From NerdWalletHow to Renegotiate Your Bills to Save MoneyFeeling Out of Control? These Money Moves Could HelpRenters at Risk: Ways to Cope in the Financial CrisisLiz Weston is a writer at NerdWallet. Email: lweston@nerdwallet.com. Twitter: @lizweston. 4771

Tap your heels together three times, and you’ll be home.Those were the instructions from Glinda the Good Witch gave to Judy Garland in the 1939 classic The Wizard of Oz.But today, the idea of tapping those ruby slippers together is enough to make conservator Dawn Wallace cringe.“I spent probably over 200 hours just working on the sequins themselves,” says Wallace. “So, I take great care.”Wallace is an objects conservator at the Smithsonian. She’s charged with caring for the famous ruby slippers worn by Garland in the movie.“Every single time I pick up these shoes, they are an American treasure and they are iconic,” says Wallace. “I always feel excited, and I always get a little bit of a thrill knowing that I get to work with these amazing objects.”It’s been a painstaking nearly two-year conservation process, cleaning every bead and realigning every sequin.“The sequins on the toes, they were exposed to light during the filming,” explains Wallace. “So, those have more light damage. So, we do see some fading on some of those sequins.”Wallace also points out there are some beads missing from the shoes, but says it’s, “part of their story.”Wallace cares for all parts of the shoe, right down to the felt soles. She explains the slippers were lined with felt so they make minimal noise during dancing scenes. It’s those scenes that generations of fans, including Wallace, remember vividly.“I think everyone always gets up they click their heels, and they get with their friends and family and they skip arm in arm.,” says Wallace. “And so, I think it—it hits you.”As they return to public display today, they’re doing so amid renewed interest, thanks to the FBI’s announcement last month that they found another pair used in filming. That pair was stolen 13 years ago.In fact, the agency even asked Wallace, who is now an authority on the chemical makeup of the shoes, to examine the recovered pair. She says she felt like a character from another movie.“I almost wanna say it’s a little like Indiana Jones,” recalls Wallace. “It was very thrilling, but it also made me feel very proud knowing I’m helping return these stolen items.”Wallace says she was worried about what the slippers would look like after being stolen over a decade ago, but she says they were recovered in similar condition to the other pair.“Just using a little bit of water and small cotton swabs, being able to remove that dirt just really brought the shine back to the beads,” Wallace says of the restoration process.After a couple of years out of public view, the slippers will now be back on display for fans to see. 2622

Ten journalists were among 31 people killed in a series of attacks in Afghanistan on Monday, including a BBC reporter and a well-known photographer who had written of the dangers of reporting in the Afghan capital.Nine journalists were killed in suicide bombings in the capital, Kabul. Shah Marai of Agence France Presse was among a group of journalists who died when a bomber disguised as a TV cameraman detonated a second bomb at the site of an earlier explosion. Both attacks were claimed by Islamic State.In a separate incident, Ahmad Shah, a 29-year-old reporter with the BBC's Afghan service, was shot dead by unknown gunmen in Khost province, the BBC said. Najib Sharifi, director of the Afghan Journalists Safety Committee, said Shah was on his way home when the attack took place. 797

Support rally is growing in #ElCentro. The group calls themselves the ‘IB Residents for President Trump Welcome Rally.’ The supporters are hoping the president’s motorcade passes right through here on the way to the border. They’re expecting around 200 people. @realDonaldTrump pic.twitter.com/k5ZclNcCZH— Brian Shlonsky (@10NewsBrian) April 5, 2019 363

The body of a New Jersey man, whose body was recovered 1,500 feet underwater in California, is considered to be the deepest recovery ever performed in the United States and Canada, officials say.According to the South Lake Tahoe Police Department, 29-year-old Ryan Normoyle rented a boat on Lake Tahoe on Aug. 10.That evening, Ryan's rental boat washed ashore in Glenbrook, Nevada, but Normoyle wasn't on it.On the boat, the department said they found Normoyle's phone, which recorded Ryan jumping off the boat into the lake. The video also showed the boat drifting away, which the department said was because Ryan had left in gear.The New York Times reported that the camera captured Normoyle trying to swim to the boat for about two minutes before disappearing from the frame.With the help of GPS data captured from Ryan's phone while recorded, the South Lake Tahoe Fire Department, Douglas County Sheriff's Office, the Washoe County Marine Unit, and the University of California Davis Research Team helped in the search. On Sept. 23, the nonprofit Bruce's Legacy, which specializes in underwater recovery, was called in by Ryan's family to aid in the investigation.In a blog post, Bruce's Legacy founder Keith Cormican detailed how winds chased them off the lake around noon, and on the second day, they ran into electrical issues. Not wanting to give up, Cormican used sonar on the ROV after losing power to it.After a few hours, a body image, which was identified as Ryan's, showed up on the sonar at 1,551 feet. Unfortunately, they lost hold of him and weren't able to bring him to the surface, but on Sept. 27, they found Ryan at 1,565 feet, and after two hours, the crew pulled up Normoyle's body, by hand, to the surface.According to the police department, Cormican said this was the deepest recorded recovery in the United States and Canada. Previously, the deepest recovery in Lake Tahoe was in 2018 at a depth of 1,062 feet. 1944

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